Laboratory Safety Manual

2 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Protecting the Safety, Health, and Environment of the Iowa State Community Iowa State University strives to be a model for safety, health, and environmental excellence in teaching, research, extension, and the management of its facilities. IN pursuit of this goal, appropriate policies and procedures have been developed and must be followed to ensure the Iowa State community operates in an environment free from recognized hazards. Faculty, staff, and students are responsible for following established policies and are encouraged to adopt practices that ensure safety, protect health, and minimize the institutions’ impact on the environment. As an institution of higher learning, Iowa State University ● fosters an understanding of and a responsibility for the environment, ● encourages individuals to be knowledgeable about safety, health and environmental issues that affect their discipline, and ● shares examples of superior safety, health and environmental performance with peer institutions, the State of Iowa and the local community. As a responsible steward of facilities and the environment, Iowa State University ● strives to provide and maintain safe working environments that minimize the risk of injury or illness to faculty, staff, students, and the public, ● continuously improves the operations, with the goal of meeting or exceeding safety, health and environmental regulations, rules, policies, or consensus standards, and ● employs innovative strategies of waste minimization and pollution prevention to reduce the use of toxic substances, promote reuse, and encourage the purchase of renewable, recyclable and recycled materials. The intent of this statement is to promote environmental stewardship, protect health, and encourage safe work practices within the Iowa State University community. The cooperative efforts of the campus community will ensure that Iowa State University continues to be a great place to live, work, and learn. Wendy Wintersteen President

3 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Service and Emergency Providers Environmental Health and Safety 2408 Wanda Daley Drive | (515) 294-5359 Iowa State University Occupational Medicine Department G11 Technical and Administrative Services Facility (TASF), 2408 Pammel Drive | (515) 294-2056 McFarland Clinic PC, Occupational Medicine 1018 Duff Avenue | (515) 239-4496 Thielen Student Health Center 2647 Union Drive | (515) 294-5801 Emergency Emergency - Ambulance, Fire, Police 911 Department of Public Safety/ Iowa State University Police Armory, 2519 Osborn Drive | (515) 294-4428 Mary Greeley Medical Center 1111 Duff Avenue | (515) 239-2011 Non-discrimination Statement “Iowa State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, age, ethnicity, religion, national origin, pregnancy, sexual orientation, gender identity, genetic information, sex, marital status, disability, or status as a U.S. veteran. Inquiries regarding non-discrimination policies may be directed to Office of Equal Opportunity, 3350 Beardshear Hall, 515 Morrill Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, Tel. 515 294-7612, email eooffice@iastate.edu”

Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Table of Contents Service and Emergency Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Non-discrimination Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Definition of Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Administrative Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Setting Up a Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 B Process Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Standard Operating Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Special Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Use of Engineering Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Ordering Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Receipt and Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Hazard Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Shipping Laboratory Materials Off-Campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 C Emergency Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Postings and Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Emergency Action Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Alarm System Activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Evacuation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Fire Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Spill/Release Containment and Cleanup Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Intruders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Vandalism or Theft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Medical Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Accident Reporting (Notifications) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Safety Equipment and Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Utility Outages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 D Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Safety Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Biosafety Cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Containment/Safety Shields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Eyewash Fountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Fire Extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 First Aid Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Flammable Safety Cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Laboratory Fume Hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Laboratory Refrigerators/Freezers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Safety Showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Spill Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Maintenance, Inspection, and Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Body Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Eye and Face Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Face Shields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Hand Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Hearing Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Respiratory Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Safety Glasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Safety Goggles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 E Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Laboratory-Specific Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Refresher Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 F General Laboratory Safety Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Safe Laboratory Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Proper Labeling for Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Safe Storage of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Safe Use of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Safety Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 G. Safety Practices for Specific Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Biohazardous Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Compressed and Liquefied Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Corrosives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Explosives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Flammables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

6 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Lasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Nanotechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 General Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Waste Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Organic Peroxides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Oxidizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Peroxide Forming Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Physical Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Pyrophoric Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Radioactive Materials & Radiation Producing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Particularly Hazardous Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Water Reactives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 H Waste and Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Biohazardous Waste Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Chemical Waste Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Equipment Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Radiological Waste Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 I Exposure Assessment and Medical Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Medical Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Occupational Medicine Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Workplace Exposure Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Exposure Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Medical Surveillance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Work-Related Injuries, Illnesses, and Exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Student Accidents and Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Where to Seek Medical Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Appendix: Chemical Fume Hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Safe Work Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Annual Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

7 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety A Introduction The Iowa State University (ISU) Laboratory Safety Manual is designed to provide users with general health and safety information. Following the guidance outlined in this manual will help prevent illness and injury, while protecting the environment. The Laboratory Safety Manual meets Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirements for a Chemical Hygiene Plan as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1450, and outlines appropriate practices, university policies, and other regulations that must be followed in laboratories. The Laboratory Safety Manual is not intended to be comprehensive but should supplement specific procedures developed by the person(s) responsible for unique laboratory hazards. Laboratory personnel must have access to this manual and other health and safety documents, at all times. Contact Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) at (515) 294-5359 or email EH&S at ehsinfo@iastate. edu with questions regarding this manual. Definition of Laboratory At Iowa State University, a laboratory is defined as, but is not limited to, any location where research or teaching is conducted using hazardous chemicals, biohazardous, biological materials, radioactive materials, and/or radiation producing devices. A location used for teaching or research that contains physical hazards may also be considered a laboratory, even if none of the materials listed above are routinely used in the area. Examples include: • electronics laboratory • laser laboratory • fabrication laboratory • magnetics laboratory • art studios A storage room containing the above materials is considered a laboratory if the materials are stored in support of teaching or research. The following areas are typically NOT considered laboratories under the Laboratory Safety Manual; however, persons working in these areas are required to follow all applicable health and safety regulations: • shops, mechanical, and custodial areas under the control of Facilities Planning and Management (FP&M) • departmental storage rooms, offices, meeting rooms, and other ancillary spaces • computer use areas containing multiple workstations, even if teaching and research is occurring, unless located inside a space that meets the definition of a laboratory • private offices, unless contiguous with or in a space that meets the definition of a laboratory

8 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Administrative Responsibilities Employees are expected to follow all applicable practices and procedures contained in the Laboratory Safety Manual, complete designated training, and report hazardous and unsafe conditions to the laboratory supervisor, Principal Investigator (PI), Laboratory Safety Contact, or EH&S. Principal Investigators, Laboratory Supervisors, and Instructors are responsible for ensuring that thepoliciesandguidelinesestablished in this manual are strictly followed by all employees, collaborating researchers, visitors, and students under their supervision. Department Chairs are responsible for adopting and implementing the policies within the Laboratory Safety Manual in laboratories under their administrative control. Department chairs must designate a Laboratory Safety Contact for this effort. The department chair shall be the Laboratory Safety Contact unless otherwise designated. The Laboratory Safety Contact assists laboratory supervisors in adapting requirements of the Laboratory Safety Manual to individual laboratories. Assigned duties may include acting as a point of contact with EH&S, providing information and consultation on laboratory safety requirements, disseminating information published by EH&S, facilitating laboratory safety surveys, and conveying departmental information and concerns to EH&S. The Department of Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) develops compliance assistance programs for ISU based on federal, state, and local rules and regulations. EH&S oversees the adoption and implementation of the Laboratory Safety Manual by individual departments. EH&S will designate a university Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) to oversee the laboratory safety program. The Office for Responsible Research ensures compliance with federal, state, and local rules and regulations related to research, while overseeing the following compliance committees: • Human - Institutional Review Board (IRB) • Biohazards - Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) • Animals - Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) • Radiation - Radiation Safety Committee (RSC) Students are expected to observe all applicable safety practices and procedures contained in this Laboratory Safety Manual, complete designated trainings, and report any unsafe or hazardous conditions to the laboratory supervisor, PI, laboratory safety contact, or EH&S.

9 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Visitors are considered to be all persons entering a laboratory other than the PIs, laboratory staff, students, and authorized ISU employees. Visitors to ISU laboratories will be under the supervision of the host laboratory. The host is responsible for: • laboratory security during the visit • visitor training and notification of potential hazards • oversight of visitor compliance with applicable safety practices and procedures contained in the Laboratory Safety Manual Setting Up a Laboratory This manual contains regulatory requirements, university policies, and prudent practices that apply to activities performed in laboratories at ISU. The volume of these requirements can make the establishment of a laboratory a complex and confusing process. To guide ISU researchers through this process, EH&S has developed the EH&S Research Support checklist. Using this checklist and information contained in the Laboratory Safety Manual, researchers will have the foundation for establishing a safe and compliant laboratory. The Laboratory Check-in Form and Laboratory Check-out Form are resources to help document regulatory compliance by researchers before laboratory work begins and before laboratory departure. It is recommended that departments establish a formal procedure to “check in” new researchers beginning work at ISU and “check out” researchers before departing from ISU. Ask your administrative office if a formal “check in/check out” program has been established in your department.

10 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety B Process Planning Working safely in the laboratory does not happen by accident. Planning laboratory processes will help you identify hazards, establish hazard control measures, and ultimately keep you and other lab personnel safe. Standard Operating Procedures Process planning must begin with each investigator or laboratory group completing hazard assessments and developing standard operating procedures (SOPs). The purpose of a hazard assessment is to identify and evaluate all chemical, biological, radiological, and physical hazards associated with laboratory operations and describe safety precautions necessary to avoid employee exposures and injuries. SOPs must be specific to each laboratory operation. SOPs must be reviewed and approved by the Principal Investigator (PI) or the laboratory supervisor. Laboratory personnel must be trained (document this training) on the elements of the SOP before performing an experiment or operation. SOPs should be updated as needed, and must be reviewed at least annually by the PI and/or laboratory supervisor. At a minimum, SOPs must include the following: • Health and safety information for materials used – list and briefly describe the chemical, biological, radiological, and physical hazards associated with the operation. Identify available resources like safety data sheets (SDS) and specify where they can be accessed. • Hazard control measures – include containment devices, ventilation, specific personal protective equipment, and hygiene practices as recommended by the SDS or other authoritative guide. Evaluate whether special procedures discussed below will be required. • Waste disposal practices – establish procedures for the safe and timely removal of laboratory waste. Reference Section H, “Waste and Recycling,” as appropriate or develop written procedures, if necessary. • Decontamination procedures – develop procedures and include required frequency and duration. • Spill/release containment and clean up procedures – develop specific procedures for cleanup. See Section C of this manual, “Emergency Planning,” for more details. SOPs must be readily available in the laboratory where the experiment or operation will be performed.

11 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Special Procedures Special procedures must be developed for work involving materials or equipment that present a significant risk of exposure or injury to the human body. Examples include carcinogens, reproductive toxins, teratogens, highly toxic substances, explosives, controlled substances, select biological agents, radioactive materials, radiation producing devices, and lasers. The following special procedures must be developed and specified on the SOP: • Identify authorized personnel who are permitted to work with these materials or equipment. Authorized persons must receive training on the unique hazards of these materials or equipment before use. • Establish a designated area for a specific use (fume hood, glove box, lab bench, etc.) and identify the area by signs or postings. Restrict access to this area to authorized personnel. If an entire laboratory is designated, then access must be restricted to authorized personnel. • Specify special safety precautions for experiments or laboratory operations where these materials or equipment are used. Be sure to identify specialized equipment, shielding, or security requirements to be used. Additional Resources • Carcinogens, Reproductive Toxins and Teratogens • Laser Safety Manual • Radioactive Materials Safety Manual • Sealed Source Safety Manual • Select Biological Agents and Toxins • X-Ray Safety Manual Use of Engineering Controls Engineering controls must be implemented where and when possible, to reduce hazards associated with the use and storage of chemical, biological, and radiological materials. Engineering controls should be considered in the following order: • substitution of less hazardous equipment, chemicals, or processes • physical isolation of the operator or process (fume hood, blast shield, glove box, etc.) • local and general exhaust ventilation and/or filtration (use of fume hoods, charcoal filters, etc.) Note: Many high risk materials or equipment require special authorization from EH&S or a government agency to purchase, possess and use. Refer to the “Ordering Chemical, Biological and Radioactive Materials” Section below for information on the application process for each material.

12 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Ordering Materials Many materials and equipment require special authorization to purchase, use, and store. To increase laboratory safety, decrease procurement delays, and reduce potential regulatory deficiencies, include these ordering procedures as part of your process planning: • Obtain any necessary permits, licenses, or registrations prior to ordering. Refer to “Additional Resources” below for details. • Order chemical, biological, or radiological materials only after a SOP is written which outlines special safety precautions for the material that has been approved by the laboratory supervisor. • Order only those materials for which adequate safety equipment is available. • Order the minimum quantity of chemical, biological, or radiological materials required. • Prepare the laboratory prior to receipt of the substance (establish storage location, post appropriate signs, obtain necessary personal protective equipment). Additional Resources Special authorization is required to purchase, possess, and use the following materials: • Biological materials – These may include human, animal, or plant pathogens, animals, animal parts, plants, plant parts, and soils regulated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the United States Department of Agriculture. For more information go to Permit Requirements. • Chemicals of interest – The Department of Homeland Security monitors chemicals of interest as they relate to the possibility of theft, release or sabotage/contamination. • Controlled substances – This category includes any drug or material regulated by the United States Drug Enforcement Agency. For more information go to Controlled Substances. • Explosives – These items are regulated by the United States Department of Transportation and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. • Radioactive materials and radiation production devices – Only individuals identified as authorized personnel on an authorization may receive radioactive material or devices. For more information Radiation Safety. This is regulated by the Iowa Department of Public Health. • Tax-free ethanol – Only individuals who have completed the online training through Learn@ISU and submitted an application to EH&S may purchase tax-free ethanol at ISU. Access the Chemical Redistribution Page for a list of free chemicals that are available.

13 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Receipt and Distribution Laboratory process planning must include the receipt and transportation of hazardous materials. Follow these guidelines when materials are received in the laboratory or are transported on campus. • Do not accept any chemical, biological, or radiological material in a damaged or improperly labeled container. • Obtain and review a SDS or equivalent (Merck Index, Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories) for all chemical, biological, and radiological materials. • Use shock-resistant carriers when transporting materials by hand. • When transporting materials by cart, ensure the cart is stable enough to prevent tipping and provides containment of any potentially spilled materials. • When transporting materials on elevators, use freight-only elevators (where possible) to avoid potential exposure to passengers. Do not accompany a compressed gas cylinder on an elevator. Place the cylinder, secured to a cart, in the elevator. Attach a sign to the cylinder to let others know not to ride in the elevator with the cylinder. • Use an appropriate hand truck or cart to transport gas cylinders and Dewar flasks (do not drag or roll). Ensure the valve protection caps are in place, and handle only one container at a time. Personnel using and/or transporting compressed gas cylinders or dewars should complete Laboratory Safety: Compressed Gas Cylinders, through Learn@ISU. • Do not transport chemical, biological, or radiological materials in personal vehicles. • Use an Iowa State University (ISU) vehicle when transporting materials. Ensure secondary containment is used in case of a spill. If a spill occurs, immediately clean it up, if possible. Inform ISU Transportation Services at (515) 294-1882. • Adhere to permit conditions when transporting permitted, licensed, or registered materials.

14 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Hazard Inventory Inventories must be submitted to EH&S annually and updated when significant changes in amount or research processes occur. Conduct an inventory of chemicals present in your laboratory each year, to identify unsafe conditions such as missing labels, items nearing expiration, and broken or leaking containers. Laboratories storing biological or radiological materials must also conduct an annual inventory: • Chemical Inventory • Biological Materials Inventory • Radiological Inventory - Call (515) 294-5359 Additional Resources • Biosafety Manual – Section G., “Transporting and Shipping Biohazardous Materials” • Radioactive Materials Safety Manual- Section H., “Security, Storage, Transfer, and Transportation of Radioactive Materials and Devices” Shipping Laboratory Materials Off-Campus All off-campus transport of laboratory materials must comply with university, state, federal, and international shipping requirements. Laboratory materials may include chemical, biological, or radiological materials, compressed gases, diagnostic specimens, refrigerants, and equipment, or instruments that contain hazardous materials. Shipments of these materials must be properly classified, packaged, marked, labeled, and documented. For information on how to ship hazardous materials, review the Hazardous Materials Shipping Guide. Note – Ensure that the off-campus recipient has all necessary permits and/or authorizations to receive the material being shipped.

15 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety C Emergency Planning When planning for emergencies, be sure to communicate hazards through postings/signage and have procedures in place for personnel to follow. Postings and Signs Post the hazard communication sign (depicted on the left) outside the main entrance to each laboratory. The door signage program requires a current chemical inventory. The interior of the laboratory must be posted with the following: • Emergency Action Plan must be posted inside the lab, near the exit(s). The building emergency map is recommended to be posted near the Emergency Action Plan. • Hazardous Waste Satellite Accumulation Area sign to designate the location where laboratory waste will accumulate until it is collected by EH&S. Refer to Section H., “Waste and Recycling”. • Signs identifying location of safety equipment (fire extinguisher, safety shower, eyewash fountain). Refer to Section D, “Safety Equipment” for specific information on required signage and posting locations. • Signs, labels, and/or warning/caution tape identifying designated use and storage areas for materials or equipment requiring special procedures. Refer to Section B, “Special Procedures” . If you have questions about required signage, please contact EH&S at (515) 294-5359 or EH&S. Emergency Action Plan The principal investigator (PI) and/or laboratory supervisor must develop an emergency action plan for their laboratory. An Emergency Action Plan template and sample have been developed to help address the following emergency issues: Alarm System Activation The locations of alarm pull stations can be found on the building emergency map (fire alarm, chemical spill, severe weather). Laboratory employees must know how and when to activate alarms. Evacuation Procedures Identify evacuation routes and meeting locations for emergencies such as fire, severe weather, and chemical, biological, or radiological releases. Building Emergency Maps are available for download on the EH&S website. Emergency Map

16 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Fire Emergencies For all fires, personnel are required to: activate alarm, dial 911, and evacuate Only use a fire extinguisher if it is safe, someone has activated the fire alarm and called 911, and you are trained in its use. Additional information is contained in the Evacuation Procedures web page and the Fire Safety Guidelines. Spill/Release Containment and Cleanup Methods Develop cleanup/response procedures for the chemical, biological, and radiological materials used in the laboratory. Incorporate any specialized neutralization and decontamination methods for the materials used (for example: biohazardous materials, hydrofluoric acid). These procedures should be part of the Emergency Action Plan and the laboratory standard operating procedure. The following generic spill/release procedures have been developed to provide a basis for laboratory-specific methods. • Chemical Releases to the Environment • Chemical Spill - Small • Chemical Spill - Large • Compressed Gas Leak Procedure • Mercury Spills • Radiological Spills and Contaminations Intruders An intruder is any unauthorized person who makes inappropriate or unwanted entry into the laboratory. Establish a protocol for responding to a laboratory intruder. The following steps should be included in the protocol for responding to an intruder: • require all unknown laboratory entrants to identify themselves and their purpose • report all laboratory intruders by dialing 911 • do not attempt to detain the intruder • inform PI/supervisor and other laboratory workers • note the physical description of the person • conduct a quick inventory of the laboratory • communicate any pertinent information to the responding police officer and make necessary departmental contacts

17 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Vandalism or Theft The following steps should be included in the protocol for responding to vandalism or theft: • dial 911 • stay out of the lab (treat as a crime scene) • beware of any remaining perpetrators or malicious devices • communicate any pertinent information to the responding police officer • Contact/inform appropriate departmental personnel Medical Emergencies Develop a procedure for responding to medical emergencies in the laboratory. Be sure the procedure includes identification of the emergency, evaluation of the scene before entering (to avoid rushing into a potentially dangerous condition or atmosphere), specialized neutralization or treatment methods for specific laboratory hazards (for example: hydrofluoric acid, phenol), and instructions for contacting emergency services. Refer to Section I, “Exposure Assessment and Medical Care”. Accident Reporting (Notifications) Establish a protocol for reporting emergency incidents to all affected laboratory and department personnel. Laboratory contact information must be included in the emergency action plan. In addition, the protocol should outline how personnel will be accounted for in the event of an incident in the laboratory. Report laboratory-related accidents, injuries, and exposures as soon as possible. Safety Equipment and Supplies Determine the location of appropriate safety equipment and supplies for managing spills and accidents involving chemical, biological, and radiological materials. Safety equipment should include eyewash, fire extinguisher, first aid kit, PPE, safety shower, and spill control kit. Refer to Section D, “Equipment” for details. Utility Outages Develop procedures to shut down or control hazardous laboratory operations impacted by unexpected utility outages. Outage examples include electrical, lighting, heating, steam, gas, water, and/or ventilation. Ensure that the emergency action plan contains all pertinent information for any special hazards in your laboratory. Post your completed Emergency Action Plan inside the laboratory, near the exit(s) for easy retrieval during an incident. The plan should be reviewed and updated at least annually. All laboratory personnel must be trained on the laboratory emergency action plan. This training shall be completed prior to working in the laboratory and must be documented.

18 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety D Equipment Laboratory equipment, such as centrifuges, glassware, hot plate/stirrers, and incubators are vital parts of any teaching or research laboratory. Selecting and properly maintaining equipment must be part of laboratory procedures. Consider the following when using laboratory equipment: • Operate and maintain equipment according to manufacturer’s instructions. • Handle and store glassware with care and dispose of any damaged glassware by following the Sharps and Glass Disposal Guide. • Ensure that centrifuge rotors are properly balanced. • Ensure vacuum equipment is trapped or filtered and vacuum pumps are correctly ventilated.. • Label equipment appropriately (for example: Do Not Store Volatile Materials in this Box, No Food, Tinted/Filtered Eye Protection Required to Operate this Equipment). • Laboratory equipment must not be used for human food or beverage preparation or storage. Notify Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) prior to purchasing, installing, or disposing of the following laboratory equipment: • biosafety cabinet • fuel burning equipment • fume hood • gas chromatograph with an electron capture device (ECD) • laser (Class 3B or 4) • liquid scintillation counter • nuclear gauge • refrigerator • static eliminator • x-ray and radiation producing devices Additional Resources • Radioactive Materials Safety Manual – Section N, “Radiation Producing Devices and Other Uses of Radioactive Material” • Laser Safety Manual • X-Ray Safety Manual

19 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Safety Equipment Safety equipment protects personnel, ensures proper storage of hazardous materials, and enables a laboratory to respond to emergencies. Each laboratory should be evaluated for adequate safety equipment during the development of an Emergency Action Plan and/or standard operating procedures (SOPs) and during a laboratory’s annual safety survey. Biosafety Cabinets Biosafety cabinets are designed to protect personnel, the products being handled, and the environment frombiological hazards, such as infectious microorganisms. Biosafety cabinets that have been moved or repaired, as well as those operating at biosafety level 2 or higher, must be certified annually. Biosafety cabinets must be decontaminated by a National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) certified technician before disposal. Containment/Safety Shields Appropriate containment or shielding must be used when splashing, spattering, or aerosolizing of materials is anticipated. Abarrier such as a blast shield should be used when working with explosive materials. Refer to Section E, “Safety Practices for Specific Hazards”. Radiation and laser shielding techniques are extremely important safety issues and are described in the Radioactive Materials Safety Manual and Laser Safety Manual. Eyewash Fountains An eyewash fountain must be readily accessible in all areas where corrosives, hot liquids, or other eye-irritating materials (formaldehyde) are used or stored. During development of an Emergency Action Plan, personnel must identify eyewash fountain locations, verify proper function, and determine if additional eyewash fountains are required in the laboratory. Ensure that eyewash fountain locations are unobstructed and marked with a sign (typically green/white, available fromEH&S) posted at eye level above the fountain. Eyewash fountains must be flushed monthly by laboratory personnel. Record these tests on the “Safety Equipment Test Record” tag (available from EH&S) attached to the eyewash. Fire Extinguishers Annual FireSafety andExtinguisher Training is required for all laboratory personnel. Hands-on fire extinguisher training is recommended for new personnel working in laboratories. Laboratory personnel are responsible for knowing the location of and maintaining clear access to all fire extinguishers in their vicinity (including common corridors). EH&S is responsible for the selection, installation, and maintenance of fire extinguishers and related signs. Personnel must inform EH&S if they use materials or equipment that are incompatible with “ABC” dry-chemical extinguishers. Examples include combustible metals and high-value sensitive equipment (review safety data sheets). Contact EH&S after a fire extinguisher is used. Additional information is contained in the university’s Fire Safety Guidelines. Biosafety Cabinet

20 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety First Aid Kits Aproperly stocked first aid kit shall be available to laboratory personnel. Complete kits and refills are available at ISU Central Stores (515) 294-0408 or through CyBuy. Individual items should be replenished as they become depleted or expired. A list of recommended contents can be found in the Iowa State University First Aid Kit Guidelines. Signs to mark the location of the first aid kit are available from EH&S. If the laboratory uses materials that require specific first aid materials, these should be stocked in the kit or nearby (for example, phenol). Flammable Safety Cabinets Flammable safety cabinets are storage cabinets manufactured to isolate flammable materials from a potential fire that may occur in the laboratory. Safety cabinets are required for storage of flammable liquids in laboratories with cumulative quantities greater than 40 liters (~10 gal.) and recommended for any quantity. Flammable Safety Cans Flammable safety cans are containers with self-closing spouts and integral flame arresters used to store flammable liquids in single container quantities greater than four liters (~1 gal.). Safety cans must be properly labeled and have a UL “Safety Can” listing. Refer to flammables in Section G, “Safety Practices for Specific Hazards” for more information. Laboratory Fume Hoods Fume hoods are designed to protect personnel by preventing chemical and radiological contaminants from escaping into the laboratory environment. Fume hood sashes also provide a physical barrier from chemicals and their reactions. EH&S is responsible for inspecting the Laboratory Fume Hoods annually. For more information go to Chemical Fume Hood and the Appendix. Laboratory Refrigerators/Freezers Refrigerators and freezers used for flammable liquid storage must be manufactured for that purpose. Modification of general-purpose (domestic) refrigerators/freezers for flammable liquid storage is NOT permitted. General purpose refrigerators/freezers must be labeled to prohibit storage of flammable materials (Caution: Do Not Store Volatile Materials in This Box). Flammable Storage Cabinet

21 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Laboratory refrigerators and freezers must not be used to store food or beverages intended for human consumption. Affix an appropriate label to the refrigerator/freezer door (Caution: For Chemical Storage Only, No Food or Drink). Prior to defrosting freezers used to store radioactive materials, a survey of the frost must be conducted to determine radioactive material content. To avoid the spread of contamination and minimize personnel exposure, carefully melt or remove contaminated frost and collect the water as radioactive waste. Safety Showers An easily accessible, drench-type safety shower shall be available within ten seconds travel time of each area where corrosive or toxic liquids are used or stored. In some buildings, laboratories may need to rely on safety showers outside the laboratory. During development of an Emergency Action Plan, personnel must identify safety shower locations and verify proper function by contacting the building area mechanic. Ensure that safety shower locations are unobstructed and marked with a sign (typically green/white, available from EH&S) posted at eye level below the shower. Annual safety shower testing is performed by Facilities Planning and Management (FP&M). Spill Kits Aproperly stocked spill control kit shall be available in each laboratory. Spill kits are available at Central Stores or safety equipment suppliers. Ensure that the spill kit location is marked with a sign (available from EH&S). In lieu of purchasing a kit, personnel may choose to assemble a kit. A guide for spill kit assembly can be found here. The spill control kit must contain appropriate neutralizers for acids and bases stored in the laboratory. Maintenance, Inspection, and Disposal Maintenance All equipment used in the laboratory must function properly and safely. To ensure this, laboratories must maintain equipment according to a manufacturer’s specifications or established guidelines, and perform routine inspections for common problems: corrosion, damaged electrical cords, excessive contamination, leaks, worn parts, and ensure that alarms, guards, interlocks, or other safety devices have not been disconnected or disabled.

22 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Inspection The following equipment will be certified by FP&M or EH&S. • biological safety cabinets at least once a year if used for biosafety level 2 and after moving or repair (at researcher’s expense) • fire extinguishers (serviced by EH&S annually; inspected monthly by either EH&S or department personnel) • fume hoods (tested by EH&S annually) • safety showers (tested by FP&M annually) • Laboratory personnel should contact EH&S if they encounter issues with the equipment listed above. Disposal Working and non-working laboratory equipment must be free of contamination and inspected by EH&S prior to disposal. Biosafety cabinetsmust bedecontaminatedbyanNSFcertified technicianbefore disposal. Fume hoods must be tested by EH&S for contamination before removal. Forward a completed Laboratory Equipment Disposal Form to EH&S before transfer or disposal through ISU Surplus. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) appropriate for the work conditions must be worn when working with laboratory hazards. At a minimum this must include: • laboratory coats or other protective clothing such as aprons, coveralls, scrubs • safety glasses or goggles • gloves resistant to the material used • fully enclosed footwear Sandalsmust not beworn in the laboratory.Other protectiveequipment, such as aprons, face shields, hearing protection, respirators, splash goggles, and/or thermal or cut resistant gloves, must be worn when conditions dictate. The PI or laboratory supervisor is responsible for conducting hazard assessments, training, and coordinating the use of PPE. Completion of a hazard assessment or standard operating procedure may allow individual laboratory PPE requirements to be determined and justified by PIs or laboratory supervisors. Document PPE selection on a standard operating procedure developed for the experiment or laboratory operation. Refer to “Standard Operating Procedures” in Section B, “Process Planning” for assistance. Iowa State University’s PPE Policy requires departments to provide employees with necessary PPE. In a class situation, students shall purchase or obtain the necessary and approved PPE designated by the department or instructor responsible for the course. Students must be trained in the proper use and care of the PPE.

23 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety All PPE shall be thoroughly inspected for damage or worn parts before use, cleaned and sanitized after use if reusable, and properly stored away from sources of heat, sunlight, chemicals, or contamination. Single use PPE must be properly disposed of after each use or contact with contaminants has occurred. Remove all PPE before leaving the laboratory. PPE is available for purchase at Central Stores, 192 General Services Building / 700 Wallace Road, (515) 294-0408, or Chemistry Stores, 1400 Gilman Hall / 2415 Osborn Drive, (515) 294-0203. Laundry service for contaminated laboratory coats is available through Chemistry Stores. Contaminated PPE must NOT be taken home for laundering. Commonly used PPE Body Protection Body protection must be worn to protect skin exposure to harmful contaminants (for example: dusts, fogs, fumes, gases, mists, smokes, sprays, splashes, or vapors), limit contamination of “street clothing,” and aid the decontamination process. Lab coats shall constitute minimum body protection when working in laboratories. Elastomeric equipment (such as acid-resistant aprons) used for chemical resistance must be constructed of elastomers resistant to the material used. Wearing shorts or short skirts in laboratories is strongly discouraged. The required laboratory coat or nonpermeable apron must cover the knees. Eye and Face Protection Eye and face protection with filtered lenses designed to protect against light radiation are required when working with lasers, UV lamps, welding, or other sources of light radiation. Select the appropriate lens shade or filter for the operation performed. Face Shields Face shields are required where there is potential face exposure to chemicals, projectiles, and UV sources. Use of a face shield is not a substitute for eye protection, and it may be necessary to provide both means of protection (for example, working with corrosive materials).

24 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety Hand Protection Hand protection must be worn to prevent chemical skin absorption, lacerations, abrasions, chemical burns, punctures, or thermal burns from harmful temperature extremes. Elastomeric gloves used for chemical resistance must be constructed of elastomers resistant to the material used. Selection is based on elastomer thickness, permeation breakthrough time (in minutes), permeation rate and resistance to degradation. Several glove selection guides can be found here. Hearing Protection Hearing protection is recommended when laboratory operations produce noise levels of 85 decibels or greater and is required when noise levels of 90 decibels or greater are encountered. Respiratory Protection Respiratory protection may be required to prevent exposure to airborne contaminants when engineering controls (biological safety cabinets, fume hoods, etc.) prove inadequate. A medical exam, fit test, and specialized training are required before using a respirator. Iowa State University employees whose job description requires them to wear respiratory protection, including dust masks, must participate in the ISU Respiratory Protection Program. For more information see the Respiratory Protection Program Manual. Safety Glasses Safety glasses with side shields protect the eyes from flying projectiles and constitute minimum eye protection when working in laboratories. All eye and face protection must be approved by ANSI standard Z87.1 Safety Goggles Safety goggles (unvented or indirectly vented) are required in laboratory operations where there is potential for chemical vapors, splashes, mists, sprays, or airborne dust exposure to the eyes. Additional Resources • Hearing Conservation Manual • PPE webpage

25 Laboratory Safety Manual Environmental Health and Safety E Training Principal investigators (PI) and/or laboratory supervisors are responsible for ensuring that all personnel are properly trained before they begin work in a laboratory and that they receive additional training when new hazards or procedures are introduced. At minimum, laboratory employees are required to complete training through the Learn@ISU as outlined in the Safety Training Curriculum for Laboratory Personnel. Laboratory-Specific Training In addition to general Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) training, all laboratory personnel, including students, must receive laboratory-specific training on the following topics: • location and content of the Laboratory Safety Manual • physical, chemical, biological, laser, and radiation hazards in the work area, including signs and symptoms of exposure and allowable exposure limits, using applicable safety data sheets (SDS) content • location of references describing hazards and safety practices associated with laboratory materials (Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, Merck Index,and SDS, etc.) • protective measures necessary to avoid exposure or injury, as specified in the laboratory’s Standard Operating Procedures • procedures for responding to laboratory emergencies (chemical spill(s), fire, severe weather, etc.) as outlined in the laboratory’s Emergency Action Plan • methods to detect the presence of contamination or the release of chemical, biological and radiological materials • procedures for obtaining medical care in the event of exposure/injury • proper waste management and disposal procedures • proper record keeping Document laboratory-specific training on the Site-Specific Training form. Refresher Training Retraining intervals for EH&S provided courses are identified in each course description and on course certificates. Intervals are determined by regulations, the EH&S training program, performance, and course evaluations (ANSI/ASSP Z490.1). For courses without a specific regulatory refresher cycle, EH&S recommends training every three years. Ultimately, a supervisor must carefully monitor employee understanding and skill. If laboratory personnel exhibit a lack of knowledge, or if work conditions and tasks change, retraining is required.

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